The nest is built by the female, well-hidden on horizontal tree branch, usually in conifer, but sometimes in deciduous tree or shrub. This species produces a single brood per season, occasionally two. The breeding season takes place between late February and early September, with peak in March-August. The juvenile is browner than nominate juvenile, with darker streaks, pale cinnamon tips on wing-coverts and pale buffish underparts. This race is slightly smaller, paler or grey-brown above. perplexus is found in the mountains of S Mexico (Chiapas) and W Guatemala. The male shows more extensively brighter yellow at tail base. This race is slightly paler than nominate, with less conspicuous streaks above and below, especially on breast. macropterus is found in N Baja California and NW and C Mexico (E to Veracruz). pinus (described above) is found in CS and SE Alaska, Canada, and W and NE USA. The underparts are pale buffish with thinner dark brown streaking. The tips of both median and greater coverts are whitish (not yellowish). The juvenile resembles adult but with narrower streaking on paler buffish-brown upperparts. The sharp, pointed bill is pale brown to greyish with dark tip. These birds are named “green morph” of the nominate race. The males, especially those of SW of the range, have greener upperparts and paler underparts, the latter less extensively streaked. Belly to undertail-coverts is more heavily streaked. The underparts are pale, usually whitish-buff with narrow, dark streaks from chin to breast. The bird in flight shows the broad dark bases of the wing-coverts, and the broad, yellowish wingbar across the flight-feather bases. We can see a small, square yellow patch at base of outer primaries, but it is often concealed. The flight-feathers are similar but with fine, pale buff edges. Alula and primary coverts are black to blackish-brown. On the upperwing, the coverts are dark brown to blackish with paler tips, but the greater coverts show broader, yellowish tips. The uppertail-coverts are similar or darker brown with yellow bases to feathers. The Pine Siskin adult male has pale buffish-brown upperparts with grey tinge and broad, dark brown streaking, and sometimes tinged greenish. What Bird-The ultimate Bird Guide (Mitchell Waite) Ryser, Jr - University of Nevada Press -ISBN: 0874170796Īnimal Diversity Web (University of Michigan Museum of Zoology) HANDBOOK OF THE BIRDS OF THE WORLD Vol 15 by Josep del Hoyo-Andrew Elliot-David Christie - Lynx Edicions – ISBN: 9788496553682įIELD GUIDE TO THE BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA - National Geographic Society - ISBN: 0792274512īIRDS OF THE GREAT BASIN – by Fred A. Tom Grey's Bird Pictures & Tom Grey's Bird Pictures 2 The Pine Siskin is currently evaluated as Least Concern. However, the population is suspected to be stable and the species is not globally threatened. Forest clearance has also a negative impact on this species. Human disturbance may involve desertion of the nest and nest failure. The breeding success may be affected by predation, nest failure, lack of food resources and brood parasitism. The Pine Siskin is described as fairly common to locally common, or even abundant.
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